ABSTRACT
Objective: Due to recent progress in production of human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells [hESC-OPCs] for ameliorating myelin disease such as multiple sclerosis [MS] and the role of purinergic signaling in OPCs development, we avaluated the profile of purinergic receptors expression during development of OPCs from hESC
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we used reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction [RT-qPCR] to obtain more information about potential roles of purinergic receptors during in vitro production of hESC-OPCs. We first determined the expression level of different subtypes of purinergic receptors in hESCs, embryoid bodies [EBs], and hESC-OPCs. The effects of A1adenosine receptor [A1AR] activation on hESC-OPCs development were subsequently examined
Results: hESCs and OPCs had different mRNA expression levels of the AR subtypes. ARs mRNA were expressed in the EB stage, except for A2AAR. We observed expressions of several P2X [P2X1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7] and P2Y [P2Y1, 2, 4, 6, 11-14] genes in hESCs. hESC-OPCs expressed different subtypes of P2X [P2X1, 2, 3,4,5,7] and P2Y [P2Y1, 2, 4, 6, 11-14]. Except for P2X1 and P2X6, all other P2X and P2Y purinergic receptor subtypes expressed in EBs. We also indicate that A1AR might be involved in modulating gene expression levels of cell cycle regulators in an agonist and/or dose-dependent manner
Conclusion: Elucidation of the expression pattern of purinergic receptors and the effects of different subtypes of these receptors in hESC-OPCs may have a promising role in future cell-based therapy or drug design for demyelinating disease
ABSTRACT
Erythropoietin [EPO] was first known as a factor for red blood cell proliferation and differentiation. New studies show the effects of EPO on immune system. In this study, the effects of pretreatment with recombinant human erythropoietin [rHuEPO] on the anti-human leukocyte antibody [anti-HLA] titer were determined. Three groups of rats were sensitized with human lymphocytes. Two of the groups were given 20 or 100 IU/Kg rHuEPO after two sensitizations with human lymphocytes. Control group did not receive rHuEPO. Microlymphocytotoxicity method was used to detect anti-HLA antibodies. Treatment with rHuEPO caused a significant decline in anti-HLA antibody titer compared to control group. Also, pretreatment with rHuEPO suppressed antibody response after repeated antigenic stimulation. Such results could be due to the effects of rHuEPO on the number or the activity of the B and the T cells. Moreover, the dose of rHuEPO and the length of treatment might affect anti-HLA antibody titer